Cement is a fine powder made of materials like limestone, clay, shale and sand. When cement is mixed with water and a binder like sand or coarse aggregate rock, you get a rock-hard substance -- concrete. The cement itself can be made by grinding up the raw materials into a powder fine enough to pass through a sieve designed to hold water. The four essential ingredients that need to be ground up are calcium, silicon, aluminum and iron found in limestone, clay and sand.
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