Receptacles house wire and other components that power electrical devices.
Receptacle boxes protect wires, cables and other electrical elements within a wall cavity or ceiling. Electricians place these boxes inside the wall, then install wires and cables to power the outlet. The box protects the wiring from damage, while also lowering the risk of shock to installers and homeowners. For these boxes to operate as intended, it's important to choose the right units for your project. When making your selection, consider factors like size, wall depth, installation requirements and material.
Instructions
1. Check the thickness of the walls where you plan to install the receptacle boxes. Many installers make the mistake of choosing boxes too deep to fit in the wall. The box should be as deep as the thickness of the wall framing or smaller. For example, a wall with 4-inch studs requires a box that's 4 inches deep or less.
2. Choose the correct overall size for your receptacle box. The National Electrical Code (NEC) section 370-16 lists recommended minimum sizes for boxes based on the number of wires and cables installed in the box. Using a box that's too small results in a problem known as "cable fill violation," which is not only a code issue, but also a potential safety risk.
3. Review receptacle box design options. Choose single or double gang boxes based on the design of your project.
4. Think about whether the receptacle boxes will be used indoors or out. In outdoor applications, most codes require weatherproof boxes with full built-in covers. Older boxes with covers that only cover individual outlets are not typically sufficient to meet code. Look for covers that are large enough to fit over the plugs you plan to use, and make sure the boxes are rated for outdoor use where applicable.
5. Determine the installation requirements for each box. Receptacle boxes can be installed using nails, brackets or bar hangers. Refer to your local code to see what your options are. Keep the design of your wall framing in mind when deciding what installation system to use for these boxes. In drywall partitions, choose boxes with adjustable clips that keep the outlet flush with the face of the drywall.
6. Compare material options. Receptacle boxes are made from either plastic or metal. While some applications require specific materials by code, others are up to the individual installer. Plastic receptacle boxes tend to be cheaper, but are also more susceptible to damage. Metal boxes are more expensive, but can protect the wiring more effectively and are available in a wider selection of designs and sizes. Metal boxes can also be joined together, or ganged, while plastic boxes cannot be joined.
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