Much of home plumbing is hidden behind walls. Years ago, plumbing was left exposed so that if it needed repairing, access would not be a problem. But since the mid- to late '60s, plumbing was moved inside the walls for aesthetic reasons. So when water or drainpipes leak, it is necessary to open the wall to fix the problem. It is not that difficult, however, and, depending on the severity of the problem, it can be done in half a day.
Finding the Leak
Many water leaks can go undetected, with little damage to the surrounding area, for a long time. Look for wet or moldy areas on the floor at the baseboard or along the wall. Many times a musty smell will accompany a water leak. Apply pressure to the wall and look for any weak areas that feel damp. Be diligent when looking for the source of a suspected leak. If you are fairly certain there's a leak, you may need to remove sections of the wall to find it.
Removing the Wall
Remove drywall by cutting out the damaged area with a razor knife. Make sure you remove the drywall up to the center of the wall studs, left and right of the leak -- this will make replacement easier. If you must remove trim, such as baseboard, carefully use a small flat bar; you will want to reuse the trim if it is not water-damaged.
Remove wall paneling using a small flat bar, sliding it in between the seams of the board that is directly in front of the suspected leak. You may need to remove a few sections before you find the leak. Be careful when removing the paneling so that you don't damage it.
Repairing the Leak
Cut the water or drainpipe above and below the leak. Allow 1 inch on each side for replacement. Use a coupler and a small section of pipe that is the same size as the damaged one. Water pipes come in 1/2-, 3/4- and 1-inch CPVC, and drainpipes are usually 1 1/2, 2 and 3 inches. Make sure to clean the fittings and pipe with cleaner, prime the replacements and apply plenty of glue.
Replace Sheathing
Cut a piece of drywall to the same dimensions as the opening in the wall. Screw the patch into place using 1-inch drywall screws. Tape the joints with drywall tape, and apply three coats of drywall mud that is feathered out 6 inches beyond the joints on each side. Sand and repaint. Replace the paneling or trim in the same way you removed it. Reattach with finish (6 penny) nails.
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