New cement board products provide a waterproof backing for shower tile.
Backerboard is essential in providing a stable, smooth surface upon which to lay shower tile. Backerboard made of either water-resistant drywall or green board was used in the 1980s and 90s because it was an improvement over unprotected, regular drywall. New cement board products are now available that, properly installed, provide a waterproof surface upon which tiles can be directly laid.
Avoiding Water Damage
Cement backerboards are used as a foundation for tiling shower walls because of their inherent stability. The product does not expand and contract with changes in temperature so tile laid upon cement board remains intact and grout lines do not crack. Green board and drywall swells and expands with exposure to water and, over time, may cause the tiled surface to buckle and fail. Since no tile field is completely waterproof, backboard must be in place to avoid water damage.
Cement Board Composition
Updated cement board is formulated with a treated gypsum core covered with a waterproof fiberglass membrane. Older cement underlayment consisted of granules of cement covered in mesh. Where water intrusion is not so much of an issue, water resistant drywall will suffice. Wall installations require 1/2 inch thick board while flat surfaces need only 1/4 inch.
Cement Board Installation
Shower walls should be plumb. A wall stud that is out of line will also misalign attached backerboard and make setting tile difficult. A recommended 1/8 inch gap between the backerboard sheets should be taped with waterproof drywall tape and sealed with thinset mortar.
Tile and Grout
Tile may be laid directly on cement backerboard that has been covered with thinset. Grout type and color will differ according to the recommendations of the tile manufacturer. There is standard, sanded grout or epoxy grout that is much easier to clean up. All grout requires regular cleaning and sealing to guard against water intrusion and the growth of mold and mildew. Drying shower walls after use and providing adequate ventilation will keep your shower walls looking their best.
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