Laboratories can provide varying results for the same soil sample.
A soil analysis provides information on a soil's overall condition. It supplies information about the soil's nutrient content, so you can adjust fertilizer application to achieve the right balance of nutrients to support plant growth. Although soil tests are generally accurate, certain factors can impact results.
Sample Container
Most soil testing laboratories follow standard procedures to ensure accurate soil analyses. According to researchers at the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station, a soil sample should be stored in an Erlenmeyer flask that is no more than one-quarter full of soil. This particular flask type is ideal for correctly mixing the soil with the extracting solution, a necessary step in completing a thorough evaluation. Using a straight-sided container, such as a Wheaton bottle, can result in a poorly mixed sample and an erroneous soil analysis.
Testing Conditions
Soil tests involve various actions -- for example, refluxing and cooling -- to determine the soil's nutrient content under different conditions. Such actions are done for prescribed periods of time that must be followed exactly to avoid a false soil nutrient reading. For example, a hot water extractable boron test involves refluxing the soil for five minutes and cooling it for 10 minutes. Extending the reflux period past five minutes can increase extractable boron values, and enhancing the cooling time beyond 10 minutes can decrease extractable boron values. When tests are not performed under standard conditions, outcomes differ.
Laboratory Temperature
The temperature of the laboratory can alter the soil's pH measurements. The pH measurements can be off by as much as 0.05 pH units for every 4 degrees Celsius (or 39 degrees Fahrenheit) change, according to the "Recommended Chemical Soil Test Procedures" published by the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station. Testers must adjust their measurements to account for temperature differences in various areas of the laboratory where tests are performed.
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